Stages of development of naval combat systems
The development of the Naval Combat System (CMS) has evolved from manual information processing in the past to the current role of a 'brain' that integrates all resources and assists in making decisions. [1]
The major stages of development and characteristics are as follows:
1. 1st Generation: Manual Information Processing (1940s–1950s)
Characteristics: This was a period when radar information was recorded on paper and calculated manually.
Limitations: Information processing was slow and prone to errors, making it difficult to engage multiple enemies simultaneously. [2]
2. 2nd Generation: Digitalization and Automated Fire Control (1960s–1970s)
Characteristics: With the introduction of computer technology, data transmission became automated. Early digital systems such as Action Data Automation (ADA) emerged, and detection and fire control began to be linked.
Major Achievements: It became possible to process complex information quickly and guide missiles. [2, 3, 4, 5]
3. 3rd Generation: Integrated Combat Systems and Aegis (1980s–1990s)
Features: This stage integrated previously dispersed sensors (eyes) and weapons (limbs) into a single system. The Aegis combat system is a prime example, enabling the simultaneous tracking and interception of hundreds of targets.
Development Direction: Through the Multifunction Console (MFC), it became possible to control all battlefield situations from a single location. [1, 6, 7, 8]
4. 4th Generation: Network-Centric Warfare (NCW) (2000s–Present)
Features: This is a stage where combat goes beyond the capabilities of individual vessels, sharing data in real-time with other ships, aircraft, and ground units.
Key Element: Through an open architecture and modular design, the latest performance can be maintained solely through software updates. [2, 8, 9, 10, 11]
5. Next Generation: AI and Manned/Unmanned Hybrid System (Future) [12]
Features: An 'intelligent' system in which artificial intelligence (AI) proposes optimal attack/defense measures and remotely commands unmanned surface vessels (USVs) or drones.
Goal: To build a hyper-connected and hyper-converged combat environment that minimizes casualties and dramatically expands the operational range. [13, 14, 15]
